地理卷一 Q5 詳盡評改報告

As shown, the extent of Arctic sea ice from 1979 to 2019 decreased drastically. After the melting of arctic sea ice, the obstruction to Northern Sea Route is removed and navigation via the route is now facilitated, as there is rich potential oil reserve near Arctic region, along with availability of Northern Sea Route, more ships can sail via the sea route to extract oil from oil reserve for energy generation. The increased oil mining process lead to increased emission of methane, which is also a type of greenhouse gas in the mining process. The higher accessibility to oil which is a type of fossil fuel will also in turn increase consumption of fossil fuel for energy generation, during which greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide are released. The above process all increase concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which ^emission hence ~~[?]~~ favour the intensification of greenhouse effect and cause global temperature rise.

Not feasible. Admittedly, through international cooperation, like technology aid ~~from~~ more developed regions to less developed regions may help ~~cut~~ cut emission of greenhouse gas and retard global temperature rise. Like Europe with high GDP per capita have more capital invested in renewable energy to reduce reliance on fossil fuel burning, can transfer technology to less developed regions like Africa with lower GDP per capita and lack of capital and resources for cutting emission of greenhouse gas. As such, it may be possible to reduce greenhouse gas emission in all nation but the feasibility is low. Firstly, although intergovernmental agreements like Paris Agreement has been set to reduce greenhouse gas emission in countries, since the agreements are of a vague nature and countries fail to reach their reduction targets face no punitive consequences, as cutting emission incur extra cost, a lot of nation would not put in much effort to do so to safeguard their economic interest. The effectiveness of agreements is low. Besides, the countries both less and more developed argue to take responsibility for the increasing greenhouse gas concentration, more developed countries claim less developed countries have burning coal for industrialization in recent decades while less developed countries claim more developed countries should bear historical responsibilities. The reluctance to put in much effort in reducing emission in the countries undermined effectiveness of international cooperation. Besides, the increase in global temperature already show increasing trend to above 1.5 °C, even with international joint effort, it is difficult to restore and keep global temperature rise to below 1.5 °C.